{"id":1326,"date":"2024-09-21T16:14:36","date_gmt":"2024-09-21T16:14:36","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/referanshukuk.com\/?p=1326"},"modified":"2024-10-13T11:22:05","modified_gmt":"2024-10-13T08:22:05","slug":"haksiz-rekabet-ttk","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/referanshukuk.com\/?p=1326","title":{"rendered":"Haks\u0131z Rekabet (TTK)"},"content":{"rendered":"

\"yay\u0131mlama,<\/strong><\/p>\n

HAKSIZ REKABET (TTK)<\/strong><\/h2>\n

Haks\u0131z rekabet h\u00fck\u00fcmleri, ticarette d\u00fcr\u00fcst ve bozulmam\u0131\u015f rekabetin sa\u011flanmas\u0131n\u0131 ama\u00e7lar. Bu kurallar, rekabeti etkileyen yan\u0131lt\u0131c\u0131 veya d\u00fcr\u00fcstl\u00fck kural\u0131na ayk\u0131r\u0131 davran\u0131\u015flar\u0131 ve ticari uygulamalar\u0131 engellemeyi hedefler.T\u00fcrk Ticaret Kanununda d\u00fcr\u00fcstl\u00fck kural\u0131na ayk\u0131r\u0131 davran\u0131\u015flar ve ticari uygulamalar ve hukuki sorumlulu\u011fa y\u00f6nelik h\u00fck\u00fcmler yer almakad\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Ticari i\u015fletmelerin haks\u0131z rekabete konu olabilecek davran\u0131\u015f ve uygulamalar\u0131:<\/p>\n

1. Reklam ve Sat\u0131\u015f Y\u00f6ntemleri:<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

Rakiplerin veya \u00dcr\u00fcnlerinin K\u00f6t\u00fclenmesi:<\/strong> Rakip firmalar\u0131n \u00fcr\u00fcnleri hakk\u0131nda yanl\u0131\u015f veya yan\u0131lt\u0131c\u0131 bilgiler yaymak haks\u0131z rekabet say\u0131l\u0131r. \u00d6rne\u011fin, bir kozmetik firmas\u0131, rakip firman\u0131n \u00fcr\u00fcnlerinin sa\u011fl\u0131k a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan zararl\u0131 oldu\u011funu iddia ederek kendi \u00fcr\u00fcnlerini \u00f6ne \u00e7\u0131karmaya \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131rsa bu haks\u0131z rekabet olur.<\/p>\n

Ger\u00e7ek D\u0131\u015f\u0131 veya Yan\u0131lt\u0131c\u0131 A\u00e7\u0131klamalar:<\/strong> \u00dcr\u00fcnler veya hizmetler hakk\u0131nda ger\u00e7e\u011fe ayk\u0131r\u0131 bilgiler vermek. \u00d6rne\u011fin, bir restoran, t\u00fcm \u00fcr\u00fcnlerinin organik oldu\u011funu iddia ederken asl\u0131nda sadece birka\u00e7 \u00fcr\u00fcn organik ise bu yan\u0131lt\u0131c\u0131 beyan haks\u0131z rekabet say\u0131l\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Sahte Diploma veya \u00d6d\u00fcller:<\/strong> Sahip olunmayan unvan veya \u00f6d\u00fcllerle m\u00fc\u015fterileri yan\u0131ltmak. \u00d6rne\u011fin, bir di\u015f hekiminin sahte bir diploma ile uzmanl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 kan\u0131tlamaya \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmas\u0131 haks\u0131z rekabettir.<\/p>\n

Ba\u015fkalar\u0131n\u0131n Mallar\u0131 ile Kar\u0131\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lma:<\/strong> Ba\u015fka firmalar\u0131n \u00fcr\u00fcnlerini taklit ederek m\u00fc\u015fterileri yan\u0131ltmak. \u00d6rne\u011fin, bir marka, \u00fcnl\u00fc bir markan\u0131n logosunu ve ambalaj\u0131n\u0131 taklit ederek \u00fcr\u00fcn sat\u0131yorsa bu haks\u0131z rekabettir.<\/p>\n

Tedarik Fiyat\u0131n\u0131n Alt\u0131nda Sat\u0131\u015f:<\/strong> \u00dcr\u00fcnleri tedarik fiyat\u0131n\u0131n alt\u0131nda satarak rekabeti bozmak. \u00d6rne\u011fin, bir elektronik ma\u011fazas\u0131, belirli \u00fcr\u00fcnleri s\u00fcrekli olarak maliyetinin alt\u0131nda sat\u0131yorsa bu durum haks\u0131z rekabet olarak kabul edilir.<\/p>\n

M\u00fc\u015fterinin Karar Verme \u00d6zg\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fc K\u0131s\u0131tlama:<\/strong> Sald\u0131rgan sat\u0131\u015f y\u00f6ntemleriyle m\u00fc\u015fterileri rahats\u0131z etmek. \u00d6rne\u011fin, bir telekom\u00fcnikasyon firmas\u0131, s\u00fcrekli aramalar yaparak m\u00fc\u015fterileri rahats\u0131z ediyorsa bu haks\u0131z rekabet say\u0131labilir.<\/p>\n

\u00dcr\u00fcn \u00d6zellikleri Hakk\u0131nda Yan\u0131ltma:<\/strong> \u00dcr\u00fcnlerin \u00f6zellikleri hakk\u0131nda yanl\u0131\u015f bilgi vermek. \u00d6rne\u011fin, bir ila\u00e7 firmas\u0131n\u0131n, \u00fcr\u00fcn\u00fcn t\u00fcm hastal\u0131klar\u0131 iyile\u015ftirdi\u011fini iddia etmesi yan\u0131lt\u0131c\u0131 ve haks\u0131z rekabettir.<\/p>\n

Sat\u0131\u015f ve Kredi \u0130lanlar\u0131nda Bilgi Eksikli\u011fi:<\/strong> Sat\u0131\u015f veya kredi ilanlar\u0131nda gerekli bilgilerin belirtilmemesi. \u00d6rne\u011fin, bir mobilya ma\u011fazas\u0131, taksitli sat\u0131\u015f ilan\u0131nda toplam maliyeti belirtmezse bu durum haks\u0131z rekabet olur.<\/p>\n

2. S\u00f6zle\u015fmeyi \u0130hlale veya Sona Erdirme:<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

M\u00fc\u015fterileri S\u00f6zle\u015fmelere Ayk\u0131r\u0131 Davranmaya Y\u00f6nlendirme:<\/strong> M\u00fc\u015fterileri mevcut s\u00f6zle\u015fmelerini ihlal etmeye te\u015fvik etmek. \u00d6rne\u011fin, bir internet sa\u011flay\u0131c\u0131s\u0131, rakip firman\u0131n m\u00fc\u015fterilerine daha iyi bir teklif sunarak mevcut s\u00f6zle\u015fmelerini feshetmeye te\u015fvik ederse bu haks\u0131z rekabet olur.<\/p>\n

\u0130\u015f\u00e7ileri \u0130\u015fverenlerine Ayk\u0131r\u0131 Davranmaya Y\u00f6nlendirme:<\/strong> \u00dc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fc ki\u015filerin i\u015f\u00e7ilerini, i\u015fverenlerine zarar verecek \u015fekilde davranmaya te\u015fvik etmek. \u00d6rne\u011fin, bir firma, rakip firman\u0131n \u00e7al\u0131\u015fanlar\u0131na y\u00fcksek maa\u015f teklif ederek i\u015f s\u0131rlar\u0131n\u0131 s\u0131zd\u0131rmalar\u0131n\u0131 sa\u011flarsa bu haks\u0131z rekabettir.<\/p>\n

3 .Ba\u015fkalar\u0131n\u0131n \u0130\u015f \u00dcr\u00fcnlerinden Yetkisiz Yararlanma:<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

Emanet Edilen Bilgilerden Yararlanma:<\/strong> Kendisine emanet edilen teklif veya plan gibi i\u015f \u00fcr\u00fcnlerinden yetkisiz yararlanmak. \u00d6rne\u011fin, bir dan\u0131\u015fmanl\u0131k firmas\u0131, m\u00fc\u015fterisine ait gizli bir i\u015f plan\u0131n\u0131 ba\u015fka bir m\u00fc\u015fterisi i\u00e7in kullan\u0131rsa bu haks\u0131z rekabet olur.<\/p>\n

Yetkisiz Sa\u011flanan Bilgilerden Yararlanma:<\/strong> \u00dc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fc ki\u015filere ait i\u015f \u00fcr\u00fcnlerinden yetkisiz yararlanmak. \u00d6rne\u011fin, bir m\u00fchendislik firmas\u0131, rakip firmadan \u00e7al\u0131nan teknik \u00e7izimleri kullanarak kendi projelerinde faydalan\u0131rsa bu haks\u0131z rekabettir.<\/p>\n

4. \u00dcretim ve \u0130\u015f S\u0131rlar\u0131n\u0131 \u0130f\u015fa Etme:<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

Gizlice Elde Edilen Bilgileri Kullanma:<\/strong> Gizlice elde edilen veya hukuka ayk\u0131r\u0131 bir \u015fekilde \u00f6\u011frenilen i\u015f s\u0131rlar\u0131n\u0131 kullanmak veya yaymak. \u00d6rne\u011fin, bir \u00e7al\u0131\u015fan, eski i\u015fvereni hakk\u0131nda \u00f6\u011frendi\u011fi gizli bilgileri yeni i\u015fverenine aktar\u0131rsa bu haks\u0131z rekabet olur.<\/p>\n

5. \u0130\u015f \u015eartlar\u0131na Uymama:<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

Kanun veya S\u00f6zle\u015fmelere Ayk\u0131r\u0131 \u0130\u015f \u015eartlar\u0131na Uymamak:<\/strong> Kanun veya s\u00f6zle\u015fmelere ayk\u0131r\u0131 i\u015f \u015fartlar\u0131na uymamak. \u00d6rne\u011fin, bir in\u015faat firmas\u0131, i\u015f\u00e7ilerine belirlenen asgari \u00fccretin alt\u0131nda \u00f6deme yaparsa bu haks\u0131z rekabet say\u0131labilir.<\/p>\n

6. Yan\u0131lt\u0131c\u0131 \u0130\u015flem \u015eartlar\u0131 Kullanma:<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

S\u00f6zle\u015fmenin Niteli\u011fine Ayk\u0131r\u0131 \u015eartlar:<\/strong> S\u00f6zle\u015fme \u015fartlar\u0131n\u0131 yan\u0131lt\u0131c\u0131 \u015fekilde d\u00fczenlemek. \u00d6rne\u011fin, bir banka, kredi s\u00f6zle\u015fmesinde m\u00fc\u015fteriye y\u00fcksek faiz oranlar\u0131n\u0131 belirtmezse bu haks\u0131z rekabet olur.<\/p>\n

Bu haks\u0131z fiileri i\u015fleyerek haks\u0131z rekabete neden olan i\u015fletmelerin, tacirlerin hukuki ve cezai sorum lulu\u011fu bulunmaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n

<\/h4>\n

HUKUK\u0130 SORUMLULUK<\/strong><\/h4>\n

\u00c7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131ran\u0131n Sorumlulu\u011fu:<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u00c7al\u0131\u015fanlar\u0131n i\u015fledi\u011fi haks\u0131z rekabet fiilleri nedeniyle \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131ranlar da sorumlu tutulabilir. \u00d6rne\u011fin, bir sat\u0131\u015f temsilcisi, i\u015fverenin bilgisi dahilinde rakip firmay\u0131 k\u00f6t\u00fcleyici a\u00e7\u0131klamalarda bulunursa, i\u015fveren de sorumlu olur.<\/p>\n

Bas\u0131n, Yay\u0131n, \u0130leti\u015fim ve Bili\u015fim Kurulu\u015flar\u0131n\u0131n Sorumlulu\u011fu:<\/strong><\/p>\n

Bu kurulu\u015flar arac\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131yla i\u015flenen haks\u0131z rekabet fiillerinde belirli \u015fartlar alt\u0131nda sorumlulara dava a\u00e7\u0131labilir. \u00d6rne\u011fin, bir televizyon kanal\u0131, ger\u00e7e\u011fe ayk\u0131r\u0131 reklam yay\u0131nlad\u0131\u011f\u0131nda, reklam veren ve kanal sorumlu tutulabilir.<\/p>\n

Kanun h\u00fck\u00fcmlerine ayk\u0131r\u0131 olarak haks\u0131z rekabet yap\u0131lm\u0131\u015fsa dava yoluna ba\u015fvurulabilir.<\/p>\n

Dava T\u00fcrleri:<\/strong><\/p>\n

    \n
  • Haks\u0131z Rekabetin Tespiti:<\/strong> Haks\u0131z rekabet fiilinin tespit edilmesi i\u00e7in dava a\u00e7\u0131labilir.<\/li>\n
  • Haks\u0131z Rekabetin \u00d6nlenmesi:<\/strong> Haks\u0131z rekabet fiilinin durdurulmas\u0131 talep edilebilir.<\/li>\n
  • Maddi Durumun Ortadan Kald\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131:<\/strong> Haks\u0131z rekabet sonucu olu\u015fan maddi durumun d\u00fczeltilmesi istenebilir.<\/li>\n
  • Zararlar\u0131n Tazmini:<\/strong> Maddi ve manevi zararlar\u0131n tazmini talep edilebilir. \u00d6rne\u011fin, bir firman\u0131n haks\u0131z rekabet nedeniyle m\u00fc\u015fteri kaybetmesi durumunda zarar\u0131n\u0131n tazmini istenebilir.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

    \ud83d\udcdd Karar\u0131n \u0130lan\u0131:<\/strong><\/p>\n

    Mahkeme, davay\u0131 kazanan taraf\u0131n istemiyle karar\u0131n ilan edilmesine h\u00fckmedebilir. \u00d6rne\u011fin, bir mahkeme karar\u0131 gazete veya televizyon arac\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131yla kamuoyuna duyurulabilir.<\/p>\n

    \ud83d\udd52 Zamana\u015f\u0131m\u0131<\/strong><\/p>\n

    Haks\u0131z rekabet davalar\u0131, haklar\u0131n do\u011fumundan itibaren bir y\u0131l i\u00e7inde ve her h\u00e2lde \u00fc\u00e7 y\u0131l i\u00e7inde a\u00e7\u0131lmal\u0131d\u0131r. \u00d6rne\u011fin, bir firma haks\u0131z rekabete u\u011frad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 \u00f6\u011frendi\u011fi tarihten itibaren bir y\u0131l i\u00e7inde dava a\u00e7mal\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n

    \u0130htiyati Tedbir Karar\u0131 Al\u0131nabilir mi?<\/strong><\/p>\n

    Mahkeme, haks\u0131z rekabetin \u00f6nlenmesi i\u00e7in ihtiyati tedbir karar\u0131 verebilir. \u00d6rne\u011fin, haks\u0131z rekabet olu\u015fturan bir reklam kampanyas\u0131n\u0131n durdurulmas\u0131 i\u00e7in tedbir karar\u0131 al\u0131nabilir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
    \ud83c\udfdb\ufe0f G\u00f6revli Mahkeme<\/td>\nTicaret Mahkemesi<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    \ud83d\udcdc Konu<\/td>\nHaks\u0131z Rekabetin Tespiti<\/p>\n

    Haks\u0131z Rekabetin \u00d6nlenmesi<\/p>\n

    Maddi Durumun Ortadan Kald\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131<\/p>\n

    Zararlar\u0131n Tazmini<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

    \ud83d\udc64 Daval\u0131<\/td>\nHaks\u0131z ekabete konu fiili i\u015fleyen ki\u015fi\/ki\u015filer<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    \ud83d\udd52<\/strong> S\u00fcre<\/td>\nHaks\u0131z rekabet davalar\u0131, haklar\u0131n do\u011fumundan itibaren bir y\u0131l i\u00e7inde ve her h\u00e2lde \u00fc\u00e7 y\u0131l i\u00e7inde a\u00e7\u0131lmal\u0131d\u0131r.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    \ud83d\udcf8 Deliller<\/td>\nTicari i\u015flere ait kay\u0131tlar, defterler, ticaret sicili gazetesi, tan\u0131klar, belgeler veya uzman raporlar\u0131\u2026<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

    CEZA SORUMLULU\u011eU<\/strong><\/p>\n

    Haks\u0131z rekabet fiillerini kasten i\u015fleyenler, iki y\u0131la kadar hapis veya adli para cezas\u0131 ile cezaland\u0131r\u0131l\u0131rlar. T\u00fczel ki\u015filer ad\u0131na hareket eden ki\u015filer de haks\u0131z rekabet fiillerinden sorumlu tutulabilir.<\/p>\n

    \u00d6rne\u011fin, bir firma, rakip firman\u0131n \u00fcr\u00fcnlerini kasten k\u00f6t\u00fcleyerek kendi \u00fcr\u00fcnlerini \u00f6ne \u00e7\u0131karmaya \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131rsa cezai sorumluluk do\u011far.<\/p>\n

    \"i\u00e7<\/strong><\/p>\n

    \u00d6RNEK YARGITAY KARARLARI<\/strong><\/h3>\n

    19. Ceza Dairesi \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a02015\/4756 E. \u00a0, \u00a02015\/2866 K.<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n

    Olay:<\/strong> San\u0131k, Amasra il\u00e7esinde \u201cLiman Bal\u0131k Restoran\u201d adl\u0131 i\u015fletmesinin ad\u0131n\u0131, 2011 y\u0131l\u0131 Temmuz ay\u0131nda \u201cL.. Canl\u0131 Bal\u0131k Restoran\u201d olarak de\u011fi\u015ftirmi\u015ftir. M\u00fc\u015ftekinin ise ayn\u0131 il\u00e7ede 1945 y\u0131l\u0131ndan beri \u201cM…. Yeri Canl\u0131 Bal\u0131k Restoran\u201d ad\u0131yla faaliyet g\u00f6sterdi\u011fi belirtilmi\u015ftir. M\u00fc\u015fteki, san\u0131\u011f\u0131n i\u015fyeri ad\u0131n\u0131 de\u011fi\u015ftirerek, kendi i\u015fyerinin ad\u0131n\u0131 taklit etti\u011fini ve bu durumun haks\u0131z rekabete yol a\u00e7t\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 ileri s\u00fcrm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr.<\/p>\n

    Mahkeme Karar\u0131:<\/strong> Yerel mahkeme, san\u0131\u011f\u0131n eyleminin haks\u0131z rekabet olu\u015fturmad\u0131\u011f\u0131na karar vermi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n

    Yarg\u0131tay Karar\u0131:<\/strong> Yarg\u0131tay, yerel mahkemenin karar\u0131n\u0131 onam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n

    Muhalefet \u015eerhi:<\/strong> Muhalefet \u015ferhinde, san\u0131\u011f\u0131n eyleminin haks\u0131z rekabet su\u00e7unu olu\u015fturup olu\u015fturmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 tart\u0131\u015f\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Haks\u0131z rekabet su\u00e7lar\u0131n\u0131n belirli ko\u015fullara ba\u011fl\u0131 oldu\u011fu, san\u0131\u011f\u0131n m\u00fc\u015ftekinin ticaret \u00fcnvan\u0131n\u0131 bilerek ve kas\u0131tl\u0131 olarak kar\u0131\u015f\u0131kl\u0131\u011fa yol a\u00e7acak \u015fekilde de\u011fi\u015ftirdi\u011fi vurgulanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. M\u00fc\u015ftekinin ticaret \u00fcnvan\u0131n\u0131n tan\u0131nm\u0131\u015f oldu\u011fu ve san\u0131\u011f\u0131n davran\u0131\u015f\u0131n\u0131n d\u00fcr\u00fcstl\u00fck kural\u0131na ayk\u0131r\u0131 oldu\u011fu sonucuna var\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r:<\/p>\n

    \u2018\u2019\u2026.Bilindi\u011fi \u00fczere T\u00fcrk Ticaret Kanunu (TTK), \u201cD\u00fcr\u00fcstl\u00fck kural\u0131na ayk\u0131r\u0131 davran\u0131\u015flar, ticari uygulamalar\u201d kenar ba\u015fl\u0131kl\u0131 55. maddesinde haks\u0131z rekabet h\u00e2llerinin \u201cba\u015fl\u0131calar\u0131n\u0131\u201d (6) bent halinde (21) adet davran\u0131\u015f bi\u00e7imi olmak \u00fczere \u201chaks\u0131z rekabet \u00f6rnekleri\u201d olarak saym\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Belirtilen maddenin a, b ve c bentlerinde say\u0131lan davran\u0131\u015f \u015fekillerinden \u00f6nce \u201c\u00f6zellikle\u201d terimine vurgu yap\u0131lmas\u0131, say\u0131lan davran\u0131\u015flar\u0131n s\u0131n\u0131rl\u0131 olmay\u0131p, ba\u015fkaca bi\u00e7imlerle de d\u00fcr\u00fcstl\u00fck kural\u0131na ayk\u0131r\u0131 davran\u0131\u015flar\u0131n ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirilebilece\u011fini g\u00f6stermesi bak\u0131m\u0131ndan anlaml\u0131d\u0131r. Sonu\u00e7 olarak, yaln\u0131zca 55. maddede \u00f6rnek olarak say\u0131lan
    \n\u015fekillerde de\u011fil, aldat\u0131c\u0131 veya d\u00fcr\u00fcstl\u00fck kural\u0131na di\u011fer \u015fekillerdeki ayk\u0131r\u0131 davran\u0131\u015flar ve ticari uygulamalar da TTK\u2019n\u0131n 54 ve 55. maddeleri anlam\u0131nda haks\u0131z rekabet olu\u015fturabilecektir \u2026Haks\u0131z rekabetin varl\u0131\u011f\u0131 i\u00e7in, davran\u0131\u015f\u0131 ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftiren ki\u015finin kusurunun bulunmas\u0131 aranmamaktad\u0131r. Ger\u00e7ekten de, TTK\u2019n\u0131n 54 ve 55. maddelerinde haks\u0131z fiilin bir unsuru olarak kusurdan s\u00f6z edilmemi\u015ftir. Failin kusurunun varl\u0131\u011f\u0131, sadece haks\u0131z rekabet nedeniyle hangi t\u00fcr davalar\u0131n a\u00e7\u0131labilece\u011finin belirlenmesi y\u00f6n\u00fcnden \u00f6nem ta\u015f\u0131maktad\u0131r\u2026.<\/em><\/p>\n

    TTK\u2019da yer verilen haks\u0131z rekabet su\u00e7lar\u0131na genel olarak de\u011finecek olursak; TTK, haks\u0131z rekabet olu\u015fturan t\u00fcm davran\u0131\u015flar\u0131 \u201csu\u00e7\u201d olarak tan\u0131mlamam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r..Kanun koyucu, sadece belirli bir vahamet arzeden haks\u0131z rekabet hallerini su\u00e7 kabul etmi\u015ftir<\/em><\/strong> \u2026. Somut davada uyu\u015fmazl\u0131\u011f\u0131n \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcm\u00fc i\u00e7in iki sorunun ortaya konulmas\u0131 gereklidir. Bunlardan ilki; m\u00fc\u015ftekinin ticaret \u00fcnvan\u0131n\u0131n tan\u0131nm\u0131\u015f olup olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131d\u0131r. \u0130kinci olarak ise; m\u00fc\u015ftekinin ticaret \u00fcnvan\u0131 ile san\u0131\u011f\u0131n kulland\u0131\u011f\u0131 ticaret \u00fcnvan\u0131n\u0131n kar\u0131\u015f\u0131kl\u0131\u011fa yol a\u00e7\u0131p a\u00e7mayaca\u011f\u0131 konusu de\u011ferlendirilmelidir.<\/em><\/p>\n

    \u0130lk olarak, m\u00fc\u015ftekinin dosya ekinde sundu\u011fu \u00e7ok say\u0131da belge (i\u015fletme izin belgesi, te\u015fekk\u00fcr belgeleri, faturalar, hizmet kalite belgesi, Belediye Ba\u015fkanl\u0131\u011f\u0131 yaz\u0131s\u0131 gibi) kapsam\u0131ndan ve foto\u011fraflar ile Ticaret Sicili kayd\u0131ndan da \u201cM….Yeri-Canl\u0131 Bal\u0131k Restoran\u201d ad\u0131yla 1940\u2019l\u0131 y\u0131llardan beri hizmet sundu\u011fu anla\u015f\u0131lmaktad\u0131r. Sunulan belgelerin i\u00e7eri\u011fi ve tarihleri itibariyle m\u00fc\u015ftekinin i\u015fyerinin belirtilen isimle y\u00f6rede uzun s\u00fcredir tan\u0131nm\u0131\u015f, me\u015fhur olarak nitelendirilebilecek bir i\u015fletme oldu\u011fu ortaya \u00e7\u0131kmaktad\u0131r. Kald\u0131 ki san\u0131\u011f\u0131n Cumhuriyet Savc\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131ndaki sorgusunda \u201c\u2026kendisinin \u0130stanbul\u2019da bulundu\u011fu s\u0131rada kar orta\u011f\u0131 olan A.. V.. i\u015fletmenin tabelas\u0131n\u0131 de\u011fi\u015ftirdi\u011fini, ba\u015fka bir i\u015fletmenin markala\u015ft\u0131rd\u0131\u011f\u0131 i\u015fletme ad\u0131n\u0131n kullanarak haks\u0131z kazan\u00e7 elde etmek gibi bir niyetimiz yoktur, en k\u0131sa s\u00fcrede i\u015fletme tabelam\u0131z\u0131 eski hale d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcrece\u011fiz\u201d \u015feklindeki savunmas\u0131yla da m\u00fc\u015ftekinin ticaret \u00fcnvan\u0131n\u0131n tan\u0131nm\u0131\u015f oldu\u011fu san\u0131k taraf\u0131ndan dahi kabul edilmi\u015f olmaktad\u0131r. \u00d6te yandan marka olarak tescil edilmemi\u015f de olsa tan\u0131nm\u0131\u015f bir i\u015fletme ad\u0131n\u0131n da haks\u0131z rekabet korumas\u0131ndan yararlanabilece\u011fi ku\u015fkusuzdur. M\u00fc\u015ftekinin ticaret \u00fcnvan\u0131 ve i\u015fletme ad\u0131n\u0131n tan\u0131nm\u0131\u015f oldu\u011fu g\u00f6zetildi\u011finde haks\u0131z rekabet h\u00fck\u00fcmleri \u00e7er\u00e7evesinde korunmas\u0131na hi\u00e7bir engel bulunmamaktad\u0131r.<\/em><\/p>\n

    \u0130kinci olarak ise, m\u00fc\u015ftekinin ticaret \u00fcnvan\u0131 ile san\u0131\u011f\u0131n haks\u0131z olarak kulland\u0131\u011f\u0131 iddia olunan ticaret \u00fcnvan\u0131n\u0131n kar\u0131\u015f\u0131kl\u0131\u011fa yol a\u00e7\u0131p a\u00e7mayaca\u011f\u0131 konusu de\u011ferlendirilmelidir. Bu ba\u011flamda m\u00fc\u015ftekinin Bart\u0131n ili Amasra il\u00e7esinde \u201cM.. A… Yeri Canl\u0131 Bal\u0131k Restoran\u201d ismiyle 1945 y\u0131l\u0131ndan beri faaliyet g\u00f6sterdi\u011fi ve \u201cM.. A.. ..-Canl\u0131 Bal\u0131k Lokanta Turizm Tic. San. Ltd. \u015eti. ismiyle de Ticaret Siciline kay\u0131tl\u0131 oldu\u011fu dosya kapsam\u0131ndan anla\u015f\u0131lmaktad\u0131r. K\u0131sacas\u0131 m\u00fc\u015ftekinin kulland\u0131\u011f\u0131 ticaret \u00fcnvan\u0131nda \u00f6ne \u00e7\u0131kan unsurlar; \u201cM.. A.. Yeri\u201d ve \u201cC.. Restoran\u201d isimleridir. San\u0131\u011f\u0131n kulland\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u201cL.. Canl\u0131 Bal\u0131k Restoran\u201d \u00fcnvan\u0131n\u0131n ise \u00f6zellikle m\u00fc\u015ftekinin kulland\u0131\u011f\u0131 ve belirli bir tan\u0131nm\u0131\u015fl\u0131k d\u00fczeyine ula\u015fan \u201cCanl\u0131 Bal\u0131k Restoran\u201d \u00fcnvan\u0131 ile kar\u0131\u015f\u0131kl\u0131\u011fa yol a\u00e7abilece\u011fi ku\u015fkusuzdur. Nitekim dinlenen tan\u0131k N.. K..\u2019nun beyan\u0131nda da bu durum sebebiyle t\u00fcketici nezdinde bir kar\u0131\u015f\u0131kl\u0131k ya\u015fand\u0131\u011f\u0131 do\u011frulanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. \u00d6te yandan san\u0131\u011f\u0131n uzun y\u0131llard\u0131r ayn\u0131 il\u00e7ede \u201cL.. Bal\u0131k Restoran\u201d ad\u0131yla faaliyet g\u00f6steren i\u015fyerinin ad\u0131n\u0131 2011 y\u0131l\u0131 Temmuz ay\u0131ndan itibaren \u201cL.. Canl\u0131 Bal\u0131k Restoran\u201d olarak de\u011fi\u015ftirip kullanmaya ba\u015flamas\u0131 ve Cumhuriyet Savc\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131ndaki ifadesi de an\u0131lan
    \n\u015eekilde kullan\u0131mla ortalama bir t\u00fcketicinin yan\u0131lg\u0131ya d\u00fc\u015febilece\u011fi san\u0131k taraf\u0131ndan ka\u00e7amakl\u0131 olarak ikrar edilmekte, ortaya \u00e7\u0131kmaktad\u0131r. Di\u011fer taraftan an\u0131lan kar\u0131\u015f\u0131kl\u0131k olgusunu olay\u0131n ya\u015fand\u0131\u011f\u0131 yerin b\u00fcy\u00fckl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcyle de birlikte de\u011ferlendirmek gereklidir. <\/em>Nitekim Amasra gibi n\u00fcfusu ancak 20.000 olan ve restoran say\u0131s\u0131n\u0131n dahi s\u0131n\u0131rl\u0131 oldu\u011fu bir il\u00e7ede davadaki gibi \u00e7ok benzer bir kullan\u0131m\u0131n restoran ad\u0131 ba\u011flam\u0131nda kolayl\u0131kla kar\u0131\u015f\u0131kl\u0131\u011fa yol a\u00e7abilece\u011fi ortadad\u0131r. Bu ise d\u00fcr\u00fcstl\u00fck kural\u0131na ayk\u0131r\u0131 bir davran\u0131\u015f sebebiyle haks\u0131z rekabet kurallar\u0131n\u0131n ihlalinden ba\u015fka bir \u015fey de\u011fildir.<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n

    A\u00e7\u0131klanan gerek\u00e7elerle, san\u0131\u011f\u0131n m\u00fc\u015ftekinin uzun y\u0131llard\u0131r \u00e7aba sarf ederek belirli bir tan\u0131nm\u0131\u015fl\u0131k d\u00fczeyine ula\u015ft\u0131rd\u0131\u011f\u0131 ticaret \u00fcnvan\u0131yla kar\u0131\u015f\u0131kl\u0131\u011fa yol a\u00e7acak bir ticaret \u00fcnvan\u0131n\u0131 bilerek kullanmak suretiyle TTK\u2019n\u0131n 55\/4-5. maddelerindeki d\u00fcr\u00fcstl\u00fck kural\u0131na ayk\u0131r\u0131 bir davran\u0131\u015f\u0131 ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirerek at\u0131l\u0131 haks\u0131z rekabet su\u00e7unu i\u015fledi\u011fi dosya kapsam\u0131ndaki t\u00fcm delillerle sabittir.<\/em><\/strong> Bu nedenlerle Mahalli Mahkeme h\u00fckm\u00fcn\u00fcn bozulmas\u0131 gerekti\u011fi d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcncesiyle Say\u0131n \u00c7o\u011funlu\u011fun karar\u0131na kat\u0131lam\u0131yorum.\u2019\u2019<\/em><\/p>\n

    Hukuk Genel Kurulu \u00a0\u00a0\u00a02017\/117 E. \u00a0, \u00a02018\/1883 K.<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n

    Olay:<\/strong> Davac\u0131, daval\u0131n\u0131n berber d\u00fckkan\u0131nda sa\u00e7 t\u0131ra\u015f\u0131n\u0131 5 TL, sakal t\u0131ra\u015f\u0131n\u0131 ise 3 TL’ye yaparak \u0130stanbul Esnaf ve Sanatk\u00e2rlar Odas\u0131 taraf\u0131ndan belirlenen tarifelerin \u00e7ok alt\u0131nda fiyatlar sundu\u011funu ve bunun haks\u0131z rekabet olu\u015fturdu\u011funu iddia etmi\u015ftir. Davac\u0131, fiyatlar\u0131n tedarik maliyetlerinin alt\u0131nda oldu\u011funu ve bu durumun haks\u0131z rekabet olu\u015fturdu\u011funu savunarak tedbiren fiyatlar\u0131n ve pankartlar\u0131n kald\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131 talep etmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n

    Daval\u0131’n\u0131n Cevab\u0131:<\/strong> Daval\u0131, Esnaf ve Sanatk\u00e2rlar Odas\u0131 tarifelerinin sadece azami fiyatlar\u0131 belirledi\u011fini, kendisinin serbest piyasa ko\u015fullar\u0131nda fiyat belirleyebilece\u011fini ve bu nedenle y\u0131k\u0131c\u0131 fiyat uygulamas\u0131n\u0131n s\u00f6z konusu olamayaca\u011f\u0131n\u0131 ileri s\u00fcrm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr. Ayr\u0131ca, daval\u0131n\u0131n Esnaf ve Sanatk\u00e2rlar Odas\u0131 \u00fcyesi olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 ve bu nedenle tarifelere uyma zorunlulu\u011funun bulunmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 belirtmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n

    Mahkeme Karar\u0131:<\/strong> Yerel mahkeme, esnaf odalar\u0131n\u0131n belirledi\u011fi fiyatlar\u0131n azami fiyatlar\u0131 g\u00f6sterdi\u011fini, daval\u0131n\u0131n fiyatlar\u0131n\u0131 serbest\u00e7e belirleyebilece\u011fini ve bu durumun haks\u0131z rekabet olu\u015fturmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 gerek\u00e7esiyle davay\u0131 reddetmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n

    \u00d6zel Daire Karar\u0131:<\/strong> \u00d6zel Daire, yerel mahkemenin karar\u0131n\u0131 bozarak, daval\u0131n\u0131n uygulad\u0131\u011f\u0131 fiyatlar\u0131n haks\u0131z rekabet olu\u015fturup olu\u015fturmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n sekt\u00f6rden bilirki\u015filerden al\u0131nacak raporlarla de\u011ferlendirilmesi gerekti\u011fine h\u00fckmetmi\u015ftir.Mahkeme Karara direnmi\u015ftir.<\/strong><\/p>\n

    Hukuk Genel Kurulu Karar\u0131:<\/strong> Hukuk Genel Kurulu, yerel mahkemenin direnme karar\u0131n\u0131 bozarak, daval\u0131n\u0131n esnaf odas\u0131 taraf\u0131ndan belirlenen tarifelerin alt\u0131ndaki fiyatlarla hizmet sunmas\u0131n\u0131n haks\u0131z rekabet olu\u015fturup olu\u015fturmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 belirlemek i\u00e7in bilirki\u015fi raporuna ba\u015fvurulmas\u0131 gerekti\u011fini vurgulam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r:<\/p>\n

    \u2018\u2019\u2026Yerel mahkemece; esnaf odalar\u0131 taraf\u0131ndan belirlenen tarifelerin azami fiyatlar\u0131 g\u00f6sterdi\u011fi, serbest piyasa ko\u015fullar\u0131nda da her berberin kendi fiyat\u0131n\u0131 belirlemesinin do\u011fal kar\u015f\u0131lanmas\u0131 gerekti\u011fi, daval\u0131n\u0131n oda taraf\u0131ndan belirlenen fiyat tarifesine uymamas\u0131n\u0131n haks\u0131z ve hukuka ayk\u0131r\u0131 bir davran\u0131\u015f olarak kabul edilemeyece\u011fi, daval\u0131n\u0131n hizmet fiyatlar\u0131n\u0131 serbest\u00e7e belirleyebilece\u011fi ve bu durumun haks\u0131z rekabet olu\u015fturmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 gerek\u00e7esiyle davan\u0131n reddine karar verilmi\u015ftir\u2026.Yerel mahkemece, \u00f6nceki gerek\u00e7eler tekrar edilmek suretiyle direnme karar\u0131 verilmi\u015ftir\u2026.<\/em><\/p>\n


    \nHemen belirtmek gerekir ki; serbest piyasa ekonomilerinin temel prensibi olan serbest ticaret hakk\u0131 ve rekabet \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc Anayasa\u2019n\u0131n 48\/1. maddesinde \u201cHerkes, diledi\u011fi alanda \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma ve s\u00f6zle\u015fme h\u00fcrriyetine sahiptir. \u00d6zel te\u015febb\u00fcsler kurmak serbesttir.\u201d denilmek suretiyle vurgulanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Ancak ticaret serbestisi ve rekabet \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc, s\u0131n\u0131rs\u0131z rekabet hakk\u0131n\u0131n bulundu\u011fu anlam\u0131na da gelmemektedir. <\/em><\/p>\n

    Bu nedenle haks\u0131z rekabeti d\u00fczenleyen kurallar\u0131n amac\u0131 ve i\u00e7eri\u011fi de rekabet \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fcn s\u0131n\u0131rlar\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6stermek ve bu s\u0131n\u0131rlar\u0131n a\u015f\u0131lmas\u0131 durumunda ba\u015fvurulabilecek hukuki yollar\u0131 tespit etmektir. Haks\u0131z rekabet kurallar\u0131, rekabet hakk\u0131n\u0131n d\u00fcr\u00fcstl\u00fck kurallar\u0131 \u00e7er\u00e7evesinde kullan\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131 sa\u011flamak ve rekabet hakk\u0131n\u0131n k\u00f6t\u00fcye kullan\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131 engellemek amac\u0131 ile sevk edilmi\u015ftir. Bu kurallar genel nitelikli ve her alanda uygulanabilecek h\u00fck\u00fcmler i\u00e7ermekle birlikte rekabet hakk\u0131n\u0131n, T\u00fcrk Medeni Kanununun 2. maddesi gere\u011fince d\u00fcr\u00fcstl\u00fck kurallar\u0131na uygun \u015fekilde kullan\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131 sa\u011flamaya \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmaktad\u0131r \u20266102 say\u0131l\u0131 TTK\u2019n\u0131n 55\/(1)-a-6. maddesi, m\u00fclga 6762 say\u0131l\u0131 TTK\u2019da bulunmayan ve \u00f6zellikle t\u00fcketicilerin korunmas\u0131na hizmet eden yeni bir haks\u0131z rekabet h\u00e2li olarak tedarik fiyat\u0131n\u0131n alt\u0131nda sat\u0131\u015f yapmay\u0131 d\u00fczenlemi\u015ftir\u2026<\/em><\/p>\n


    \n<\/em>Bu itibarla, tedarik fiyat\u0131n\u0131n alt\u0131nda sat\u0131\u015f yapmak ba\u015fl\u0131 ba\u015f\u0131na haks\u0131z rekabet olu\u015fturmaya yetmemektedir. 6102 say\u0131l\u0131 TTK\u2019n\u0131n 55\/(1)-a-6. maddesi gere\u011fince, haks\u0131z rekabetten bahsedebilmek i\u00e7in, t\u00fcketicilerin bir i\u015fletmeden al\u0131\u015fveri\u015f yapmalar\u0131n\u0131 sa\u011flamak amac\u0131yla, i\u015fletmede sat\u0131lan sadece belirli mal veya hizmetin birden \u00e7ok kere tedarik fiyat\u0131n\u0131n alt\u0131nda sat\u0131\u015fa sunulmas\u0131 ve i\u015fletmedeki t\u00fcm mal veya hizmetlerin ucuza sat\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 intiba\u0131n\u0131n t\u00fcketicide olu\u015fmas\u0131 gerekmektedir<\/em><\/strong>. Burada tedarik fiyat\u0131n\u0131n alt\u0131nda sat\u0131\u015f yapan ki\u015finin genel olarak rakiplerine oranla daha ucuz mal veya hizmet satt\u0131\u011f\u0131 intiba\u0131n\u0131n da uyand\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131 s\u00f6z konusudur. Dolay\u0131s\u0131yla b\u00f6yle bir durumda t\u00fcketiciler, sadece belirli mal ve hizmetlerde de\u011fil t\u00fcm \u00fcr\u00fcnlerde genel bir ucuzluk oldu\u011fu kan\u0131s\u0131na ula\u015fmakta ve sadece ucuza sat\u0131lan mal ve hizmetlerin de\u011fil ba\u015fka mal ve hizmetleri de sat\u0131n almaktad\u0131r..<\/em><\/p>\n

    Bu durum 6102 say\u0131l\u0131 TTK\u2019n\u0131n 55\/(1)-a-6. maddesinin gerek\u00e7esinde de \u201c\u2026bu bendin konusu olan haks\u0131z rekabet eylemi \u0130svi\u00e7re \u00f6\u011fretisinde, \u201cg\u00f6stermelik (mostra) ile aldatma\u201d veya \u201cmostra ile avlama\u201d diye adland\u0131r\u0131lmaktad\u0131r. Kastedilen, baz\u0131 mallar\u0131n se\u00e7ilmesi, onlar\u0131n fiyat\u0131n\u0131n tedarik fiyat\u0131n\u0131n alt\u0131nda mostra (g\u00f6stermelik) olarak sat\u0131\u015fa sunulmas\u0131, b\u00f6ylece avlanan t\u00fcketicinin aldat\u0131lmas\u0131d\u0131r. Mostra kullanmak arz (sunma) \u015feklidir. H\u00fck\u00fcmdeki \u201cse\u00e7ilmi\u015f baz\u0131 mallar\u0131n \u201d ibaresi \u201cmostra\u201dy\u0131 ifade etmektedir. D\u00fcr\u00fcstl\u00fc\u011fe ayk\u0131r\u0131 olan, sunulan mal\u0131n \u201cmostra\u201d rol\u00fc oynamas\u0131, yani kalitesi ve tedarik fiyat\u0131 ile se\u00e7ilmi\u015f mallara hatta miktara \u00f6zg\u00fclenmi\u015f bulunmas\u0131d\u0131r. Ger\u00e7ekte sunan\u0131n mal\u0131, mostran\u0131n kalitesi d\u00fczeyinde de\u011fildir veya mostray\u0131 g\u00f6sterenin elinde mostran\u0131n kalitesinde yeteri kadar mal yoktur veya sat\u0131c\u0131 o kalitede mal\u0131 -varsa- daha y\u00fcksek fiyatla satmakta, satmay\u0131 ama\u00e7lamaktad\u0131r\u2026\u201d \u015feklinde belirtilmi\u015ftir.<\/em><\/p>\n


    \nAyr\u0131ca \u00a06102 say\u0131l\u0131 TTK\u2019n\u0131n 55\/(1)-a-6. maddesinde, tedarik fiyat\u0131n\u0131n alt\u0131nda sat\u0131\u015f yap\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 h\u00e2llerde yan\u0131ltman\u0131n mevcut oldu\u011funun ispat\u0131n\u0131n olduk\u00e7a zor oldu\u011fu d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fclerek, bir karineden yola \u00e7\u0131k\u0131lm\u0131\u015f ve sat\u0131\u015f fiyat\u0131n\u0131n ayn\u0131 \u00e7e\u015fit mallar\u0131n, i\u015f \u00fcr\u00fcnlerinin veya faaliyetlerinin benzer hacimde al\u0131m\u0131nda uygulanan tedarik fiyat\u0131n\u0131n alt\u0131nda olmas\u0131 h\u00e2linde yan\u0131ltman\u0131n varl\u0131\u011f\u0131 kabul edilmi\u015ftir. <\/em>Dolay\u0131s\u0131yla bu aksi ispatlanabilir bir karine oldu\u011fundan sat\u0131\u015f\u0131 yapan ki\u015fi, her ne kadar tedarik fiyat\u0131n\u0131n alt\u0131nda sat\u0131\u015f yap\u0131yor olsa da t\u00fcketicileri yan\u0131ltmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 ispat etmek suretiyle haks\u0131z rekabetin bulunmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 ispatlayabilecektir<\/em><\/strong>\u2026.<\/em>Mal olma fiyat\u0131 ise mal\u0131n tedarik\u00e7iden al\u0131\u015f fiyat\u0131n\u0131n yan\u0131nda, t\u00fcm masraflar, sat\u0131c\u0131n\u0131n konumu, \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131rd\u0131\u011f\u0131 personel say\u0131s\u0131 vb. de\u011fi\u015fkenler g\u00f6zetilerek tespit edilmelidir..<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n

    H\u00fck\u00fcm ile rakiplerin kanun, s\u00f6zle\u015fme veya ticari \u00f6rf ve adet ile belirlenmi\u015f i\u015f \u015fartlar\u0131na uymamak suretiyle haks\u0131z bir avantaj sa\u011flamalar\u0131 engellenmek istenmektedir. <\/em>Bu bak\u0131mdan TTK\u2019n\u0131n 55\/(1)-e. maddesi anlam\u0131nda haks\u0131z rekabetten bahsedebilmek i\u00e7in bir meslek dal\u0131nda rakiplerin de uymakla y\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fc oldu\u011fu kurallar\u0131n bulunmas\u0131 ve bu kurallardan birine ayk\u0131r\u0131 davran\u0131\u015ftan s\u00f6z edilmesi gerekmektedir.<\/em><\/strong> Bu anlamda, 5362 say\u0131l\u0131 Esnaf ve Sanatk\u00e2rlar Meslek Kurulu\u015flar\u0131 Kanununun 62. maddesi i\u015f \u015fartlar\u0131na \u00f6rnek olarak g\u00f6sterilebilir\u2026
    \n<\/em>Yukar\u0131da verilen bilgiler \u0131\u015f\u0131\u011f\u0131nda somut olay de\u011ferlendirildi\u011finde, daval\u0131n\u0131n eyleminin haks\u0131z rekabet te\u015fkil edip etmedi\u011fi, ba\u015fka bir anlat\u0131mla tedarik fiyat\u0131n\u0131n alt\u0131nda sat\u0131\u015f yap\u0131p yapmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 veya i\u015f \u015fartlar\u0131na uyup uymad\u0131\u011f\u0131 hususlar\u0131, sekt\u00f6r ve muhasip bilirki\u015filerin uzmanl\u0131k alanlar\u0131na giren konularda verdikleri raporlar g\u00f6zetilerek h\u00e2kim taraf\u0131ndan takdir edilmesi gerekmektedir.<\/em><\/strong>\u2026Bu itibarla, yerel mahkeme direnme karar\u0131n\u0131n yukar\u0131da a\u00e7\u0131klanan de\u011fi\u015fik gerek\u00e7e ve nedenlerden dolay\u0131 bozulmas\u0131 gerekir\u2026\u2019\u2019<\/em><\/p>\n

    11. Hukuk Dairesi 2016\/12393 E., 2018\/6697 K.<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n

    Olay:<\/strong> Davac\u0131, kendi i\u015fyerinde d\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn salonu i\u015fletmecili\u011fi yaparken, daval\u0131lar\u0131n yasal haklar\u0131 olmadan otel salonu, \u00e7ay bah\u00e7esi ve yemekhane olarak kullan\u0131lan alanlarda d\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn yapmalar\u0131n\u0131 haks\u0131z rekabet olarak te\u015fkil etti\u011fini ve bu durumun tespit edilip durdurulmas\u0131n\u0131 talep etmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n

    Mahkeme Karar\u0131:<\/strong> Mahkeme, davan\u0131n kabul\u00fcne karar vermi\u015f ve daval\u0131lar\u0131n d\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn salonu olarak kullan\u0131mlar\u0131n\u0131n haks\u0131z rekabet olu\u015fturdu\u011funa h\u00fckmetmi\u015ftir. Haks\u0131z rekabetin durdurulmas\u0131na ve tespit h\u00fckm\u00fcn\u00fcn yerel gazetelerde ilan\u0131na karar verilmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n

    Yarg\u0131tay Karar\u0131:<\/strong> Yarg\u0131tay Dairesi, haks\u0131z rekabet olu\u015fturdu\u011funa dair yerel mahkemenin karar\u0131n\u0131 onam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Daval\u0131lar\u0131n karar d\u00fczeltme talepleri reddedilmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n

    \u2018\u2019 Davac\u0131 vekili, m\u00fcvekkiline ait i\u015fyerinde d\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn salonu i\u015fletmecili\u011fi yap\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131, daval\u0131lar\u0131n ise hi\u00e7bir yasal haklar\u0131 olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 halde otel salonu, \u00e7ay bah\u00e7esi ve yemekhane olarak hizmet verilen alanlarda d\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn yap\u0131lmas\u0131na m\u00fcsaade ettiklerini, \u201cd\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn salonu olarak kullanma\u201d kayd\u0131 bulunmayan i\u015fletmeler taraf\u0131ndan yap\u0131lan faaliyetlerin haks\u0131z rekabet olu\u015fturdu\u011funu ve men’inin gerekti\u011fini ileri s\u00fcrerek, daval\u0131lar\u0131n haks\u0131z rekabetin tespitine, durdurulmas\u0131na ve tespit h\u00fckm\u00fcn\u00fcn yerel gazetelerde ilan\u0131na karar verilmesini talep ve dava etmi\u015ftir. Daval\u0131lar vekilleri, davan\u0131n reddini istemi\u015ftir.<\/em><\/p>\n

    Mahkemece, davan\u0131n kabul\u00fcne, daval\u0131 … Turizm \u0130n\u015faat Tic. Ltd. \u015eti’nin i\u015fyerini d\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn salonu \u015feklinde kullanmas\u0131n\u0131n haks\u0131z rekabet olu\u015fturdu\u011funun tespiti ile bu haks\u0131z rekabetin durdurulmas\u0131na, daval\u0131 …’in Belediye … Aile \u00c7ay Bah\u00e7esini d\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn salonu \u015feklinde kullanmas\u0131n\u0131n haks\u0131z rekabet olu\u015fturdu\u011funun tespiti ile bu haks\u0131z rekabetin durdurulmas\u0131na\u2026<\/em>.<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n

    Daval\u0131lar…vekilleri bu kez karar d\u00fczeltme isteminde bulunmu\u015ftur. <\/em>Yarg\u0131tay ilam\u0131nda benimsenen gerektirici sebeplere ve daval\u0131lar\u0131n eylemlerinin 6102 say\u0131l\u0131 T\u00fcrk Ticaret Kanununun 55\/1-e bendi gere\u011fince haks\u0131z rekabet olu\u015fturdu\u011funun anla\u015f\u0131lmas\u0131na g\u00f6re, \u2026karar d\u00fczeltme istemlerinin reddi gerekmi\u015ftir.\u2019\u2019<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n

     <\/p>\n

    <\/p>\n

    Yaz\u0131l\u0131 bilgiler g\u00fcncellenen mevzuatlar \u00e7er\u00e7evesinde de\u011fi\u015febilir, somut olaya g\u00f6re de\u011ferlendirilmesi gereken ba\u015fkaca ko\u015fullar bulunabilir. De\u011fi\u015fen ko\u015fullar ve davalar\u0131n kendine \u00f6zg\u00fc durumlar\u0131n\u0131n bulunmas\u0131 sebebiyle hukuki uyu\u015fmazl\u0131klar i\u00e7in profesyonel bir destek al\u0131nmas\u0131n\u0131 \u00f6neriyoruz. Davan\u0131zla ilgili hukuki s\u00fcrecin y\u00fcr\u00fct\u00fclmesi i\u00e7in avukatl\u0131k hizmetimize ba\u015fvurabilirsiniz.<\/strong><\/p>\n

    Yaz\u0131l\u0131 bilgiler sebebiyle herhangi bir sorumluluk kabul edilmemektedir.<\/p>\n

    \n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

    HAKSIZ REKABET (TTK) Haks\u0131z rekabet h\u00fck\u00fcmleri, ticarette d\u00fcr\u00fcst ve bozulmam\u0131\u015f rekabetin sa\u011flanmas\u0131n\u0131 ama\u00e7lar. Bu kurallar, rekabeti etkileyen yan\u0131lt\u0131c\u0131 veya d\u00fcr\u00fcstl\u00fck kural\u0131na ayk\u0131r\u0131 davran\u0131\u015flar\u0131 ve ticari uygulamalar\u0131 engellemeyi hedefler.T\u00fcrk Ticaret Kanununda d\u00fcr\u00fcstl\u00fck kural\u0131na ayk\u0131r\u0131 davran\u0131\u015flar ve ticari uygulamalar ve hukuki sorumlulu\u011fa y\u00f6nelik h\u00fck\u00fcmler yer almakad\u0131r. Ticari i\u015fletmelerin haks\u0131z rekabete konu olabilecek davran\u0131\u015f ve uygulamalar\u0131: 1. Reklam […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":1327,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"om_disable_all_campaigns":false,"_exactmetrics_skip_tracking":false,"_exactmetrics_sitenote_active":false,"_exactmetrics_sitenote_note":"","_exactmetrics_sitenote_category":0,"_monsterinsights_skip_tracking":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_active":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_note":"","_monsterinsights_sitenote_category":0,"footnotes":""},"categories":[1],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-1326","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-uncategorized"],"blocksy_meta":[],"aioseo_notices":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/referanshukuk.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1326","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/referanshukuk.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/referanshukuk.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/referanshukuk.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/referanshukuk.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=1326"}],"version-history":[{"count":4,"href":"https:\/\/referanshukuk.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1326\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":1440,"href":"https:\/\/referanshukuk.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1326\/revisions\/1440"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/referanshukuk.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/media\/1327"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/referanshukuk.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=1326"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/referanshukuk.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=1326"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/referanshukuk.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=1326"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}